In response to your request of December 21, 2001, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has estimated the cost of activities related to the military operations taking place in and around Afghanistan.
On the basis of data provided by the Department of Defense (DoD), as well as an analysis of the costs of other recent military operations, CBO estimates that the incremental cost to DoD of prosecuting the war in Afghanistan will be about $10 billion for fiscal year 2002.
This estimate assumes that our military forces in Afghanistan will continue to conduct operations at a pace similar to that experienced during the first six months of the campaign. In addition, the estimate is consistent with DoD's view of the operational tempo expected in that region for the remainder of this fiscal year. If operational conditions change from those assumed in the estimate, however, then the costs may be higher or lower than CBO estimates.
The estimate includes only the costs that can be directly associated with military operations in Afghanistan; costs associated with humanitarian and economic assistance to Afghanistan and neighboring countries are not included. The Department of Defense often provides estimates for the cost of the "war on terrorism" that include other costs (the costs of U.S. military operations associated with homeland defense, support to federal, state, and local agencies in the United States, and counterterrorism operations in other parts of the world) in addition to the costs of the war in Afghanistan. CBO's estimate excludes all of those other costs. CBO's estimate also excludes any costs associated with the National Foreign Intelligence Program (NFIP) because the specifics of NFIP activities are highly classified.
COSTS IN FISCAL YEAR 2002
CBO's estimate of $10 billion represents the incremental cost that DoD will incur above the budgeted cost of routine operations. Items such as basic pay for active-duty personnel are not included in those costs because they would be borne by the department regardless of the location or pace of operations. Similarly, the estimate reflects only the costs of aircraft flying hours and ship steaming days above those provided in the regular defense appropriation for fiscal year 2002.
CBO used various methodologies to develop its estimate. Whenever possible, CBO used actual data from operations in and around Afghanistan. (DoD last reported comprehensive data on those operations at the end of January.) As appropriate, CBO also used cost data from other prior and current military operations--most notably, the various operations taking place in the Balkans and over Iraq. CBO estimated costs using categories similar to those used in DoD's annual reports on the Overseas Contingency Operations Transfer Fund--personnel and personnel support, operations support, and transportation.
Costs for operations support constitute about 80 percent of CBO's estimate, or $7.9 billion (see attached table). Operations support includes the costs associated with operating and maintaining all air, land, and sea forces and equipment. It also includes about $2 billion in costs to replace expended munitions, lost aircraft and equipment, and the increased costs to repair and recertify equipment used in support of operations in and around Afghanistan. CBO estimates that costs for operations support will decrease from about $4.6 billion in the first half of fiscal year 2002 to roughly $3.3 billion in the second half of 2002. That reduction will occur primarily because one-time costs incurred during the first half of the year will not recur as operations continue. CBO also estimates lower costs during the second half of 2002--particularly for naval operations and munitions usage--because the operational tempo is likely to be lower. CBO's estimate of costs for the second half of 2002 reflects DoD's recent announcement that it plans to withdraw ships and personnel from the region as well as the assumption that the number of potential targets has been reduced during the six months of combat.
POTENTIAL COSTS IN FISCAL YEAR 2003
Estimating the costs of the war in Afghanistan beyond fiscal year 2002 is very difficult because of the indeterminate nature of the conflict. Although DoD has included a figure of $10 billion in its budget request for fiscal year 2003 to fund continued operations for the war on terrorism, it has not specified the operating locations or levels of operational tempo that underpin that request. Thus, CBO cannot estimate with any certainty what the costs of the war in Afghanistan might be for fiscal year 2003.
If the forces assigned to the operation and the operational tempo did not change substantially from the levels CBO assumes for the second half of 2002, the incremental cost of continued operations for fiscal year 2003 would be about $750 million per month, CBO estimates. If the force size remained the same but air operations transitioned to more routine patrols, then the incremental cost could drop to about $600 million per month. If either the force size or the operational tempo increased or decreased substantially in 2003 from the current levels, then the estimated monthly costs would change accordingly.
CBO has prepared a classified document that provides a more detailed discussion of the assumptions and methodologies used to develop its estimates. We will provide that document to your staff separately.
(signed)
Dan L. Crippen , Director (ends)
Click here for the letter report, which also includes a table breaking down the cost estimate in its various components, on the CBO website
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Cost Evaluation of Military Operations In and Around Afghanistan
